Many‐server loss models with non‐poisson time‐varying arrivals

This article proposes an approximation for the blocking probability in a many‐server loss model with a non‐Poisson time‐varying arrival process and flexible staffing (number of servers) and shows that it can be used to set staffing levels to stabilize the time‐varying blocking probability at a target level. Because the blocking probabilities necessarily change dramatically after each staffing change, we randomize the time of each staffing change about the planned time. We apply simulation to show that (i) the blocking probabilities cannot be stabilized without some form of randomization, (ii) the new staffing algorithm with randomiation can stabilize blocking probabilities at target levels and (iii) the required staffing can be quite different when the Poisson assumption is dropped. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 177–202, 2017     

On matched active redundancy allocation for coherent systems with statistically dependent component lifetimes

This study addresses the allocation of matched active redundancy components to coherent systems with base components having statistically dependent lifetimes. We consider base component lifetimes and redundancy component lifetimes which are both stochastic arrangement monotone with respect to a pair of components given the lifetimes of the other components. In this context, allocating a more reliable redundancy component to the weaker base component is shown to incur a stochastically larger system lifetime. Numerical examples are presented as an illustration of the theoretical results.     

Civilian Cooperation and Non-Cooperation with Non-State Armed Groups: The Centrality of Obedience and Resistance

Abstract

Terms like ‘support’ and ‘collaboration’ are often used interchangeably to denote a loose set of acts or attitudes that benefit non-state armed groups (NSAGs). However, these terms are seldom defined, and the alternatives available to civilians are rarely identified. Moreover, existing approaches overlook that the interaction between civilians and NSAGs is often one between ruler and ruled, which makes obedience and resistance central. This paper proposes to conceptualize the choices available to civilians as forms of cooperation and non-cooperation, offers a typology, and discusses the implications for theory building on civilian and NSAG behavior, and on the functioning of armed social orders.     

布拉格衍射型冷原子干涉重力仪关键实验条件研究

文章介绍了一种基于n阶布拉格衍射的新型冷原子干涉重力仪,可以进一步提高现有拉曼跃迁型原子干涉重力仪的测量灵敏度和稳定度。在介绍布拉格衍射型原子干涉重力仪基本原理的基础上,建立了原子平行驻波入射的时间型布拉格衍射冷原子干涉重力仪理论模型,分析了实验所需的关键条件,包括原子团纵向温度,布拉格激光直径、曲率半径、频率、强度以及时序等。与已有实验数据的对比结果表明,本文所建模型合理,所得结论能够为实际构造一台布拉格衍射型冷原子干涉重力仪提供有意义的指导。     

二语习得中转喻思维能力发展策略

转喻是人类的一种认知机制。转喻思维是转喻实现过程中大脑的一种思考过程。转喻思维使二语习得者打开认知事物的思路,加强对二语潜在意义的理解,进而构建新的知识图式。在二语习得过程中可以通过转喻相邻和因果原则、利用英汉文化异同及转喻突显关系和转喻主体性特征来发展和提高二语习得者转喻思维能力。     

Assessing the value of demand sharing in supply chains

We consider the problem of assessing the value of demand sharing in a multistage supply chain in which the retailer observes stationary autoregressive moving average demand with Gaussian white noise (shocks). Similar to previous research, we assume each supply chain player constructs its best linear forecast of the leadtime demand and uses it to determine the order quantity via a periodic review myopic order‐up‐to policy. We demonstrate how a typical supply chain player can determine the extent of its available information in the presence of demand sharing by studying the properties of the moving average polynomials of adjacent supply chain players. The retailer's demand is driven by the random shocks appearing in the autoregressive moving average representation for its demand. Under the assumptions we will make in this article, to the retailer, knowing the shock information is equivalent to knowing the demand process (assuming that the model parameters are also known). Thus (in the event of sharing) the retailer's demand sequence and shock sequence would contain the same information to the retailer's supplier. We will show that, once we consider the dynamics of demand propagation further up the chain, it may be that a player's demand and shock sequences will contain different levels of information for an upstream player. Hence, we study how a player can determine its available information under demand sharing, and use this information to forecast leadtime demand. We characterize the value of demand sharing for a typical supply chain player. Furthermore, we show conditions under which (i) it is equivalent to no sharing, (ii) it is equivalent to full information shock sharing, and (iii) it is intermediate in value to the two previously described arrangements. Although it follows from existing literature that demand sharing is equivalent to full information shock sharing between a retailer and supplier, we demonstrate and characterize when this result does not generalize to upstream supply chain players. We then show that demand propagates through a supply chain where any player may share nothing, its demand, or its full information shocks (FIS) with an adjacent upstream player as quasi‐ARMA in—quasi‐ARMA out. We also provide a convenient form for the propagation of demand in a supply chain that will lend itself to future research applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 515–531, 2014     

Constructing a strict total order for alternatives characterized by multiple criteria: An extension

The problem of finding a strict total order for a finite set of multiple criteria alternatives is considered. Our research extends previous work by us, which considered finding a partial order for a finite set of alternatives. We merge the preference information extracted from the preference cones and corresponding polyhedral sets, with the information derived from pairwise comparisons of two alternatives, yielding a preference matrix. This preference matrix is used as input to an integer programming model to obtain a strict total order that provides a transitive ranking for the set of alternatives. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 155–163, 2014     

Landau相变中的自由能

Landau用序参量的幂级数展开来表示相变温度附近的自由能,强调对称性与序参量在相变中的作用.正确书写自由能形式,可以计算可能相的温度曲线,得到关于序参量的方程,从而推知系统的结构.     

习得论对新疆汉语教学的意义

第二语言习得理论对新疆汉语教学有着重要启示。从输入假设和情感过滤假设出发具体讲述了克拉申理论对于新疆汉语有效教学的意义。通过对一线课堂的了解,进一步从理想的输入、要有足够的输入量、学生学习的动力、情感状态对于学生学习双语的重要性等方面反映出习得理论对于双语教学的意义。     

阶比谱分析与汽车起动电机故障的实时诊断

本文主要论述阶比谱分析方法及其在汽车起动电机故障实时诊断中的应用。首先阐述了阶比谱分析的原理以及阶比采样中混迭与泄漏的产生及其抑制方法,然后讨论了如何在起动电机运行过程短、升速快的情况下获取感兴趣的噪声信号,进而采用阶比谱分析方法从信号中提取故障特征信息,最后利用阀值判别法起动电机的故障进行实时诊断。